While mold-active antifungal prophylaxis has led to a decrease of occurrence of IA in those patients most at risk for infection, IA is increasingly observed in other non-neutropenic patient groups, including critically-ill patients with influenza, patients with caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9) deficiency [97], or patients who receive biological therapies, such as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, and new small molecule kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib [98]. This evidence concerns the gene CARD9 and influenza.