Cho et al. [79] compared the effect of PTH1-34 and bisphosphonate administration on posterior lumbar interbody fusion in patients with osteoporosis through a prospective cohort study and concluded that there was no significant improvement in the overall fusion rate at 24 months after surgery and clinical outcome between the two groups, although the PTH1-34 group showed faster bony union than the bisphosphonate group. This evidence concerns the gene PTH and osteoporosis.