HIF1A and infection: To determine whether the effect on host glucose metabolism is relevant and can occur in vivo, we first examined the expressions of glucose metabolism-associated genes known to be downstream of HIF-1α in mouse colon after infection with wild-type C. rodentium (WT) or its mutant strains, including an nleB-deleted mutant (Δnleb), complemented with wild-type nleB (Δnleb+pNleBc), GlcNAc transferase-deficient nleB (Δnleb+pNleBc-DXD), or without infection.