Devaraj et al. (26) have reported that TLR-2 andTLR-4 ligand levels are increased in type 1 diabetes, resultingin the proinflammatory state of the disease in concert withhyperglycaemia, and thus accounting for the increase in TLR2and TLR-4 activity. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.