IL1B and atherosclerosis: In the last few decades, accumulating evidence has supported modulation of inflammatory signals, and regulation of immune cell to cell interactions in atherosclerosis are key therapeutic strategies for atherothrombotic disease (1–3) The recent Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial, involving over 10,000 patients, show conclusive proof that reduction of inflammation, specifically targeting the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pathway activation, independent of LDL cholesterol lowering, can significantly lower coronary artery disease (CAD) morbidity and mortality.