STAT3 and cancer: The phosphorylated cagA active in the SHP-2/MAPK pathway regulates NF-κB, RAS/cMyc and MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, which is the result of the regulation of genes like HIF-1α, MUCs, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), BCL2, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), COX-2, MMPs and SNAIL provoking proliferation, differentiation, increased migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells [140].