Sitagliptin reduced inflammatory cytokines and improved the proinflammatory M1 phenotypes of peripheral blood monocytes in T2D patients [34], as was shown in the current study that cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were lower (Figures 4(a) and 4(b)), and proinflammatory M1 mRNA expression was downregulated while anti-inflammatory M2 upregulated in sitagliptin-treated ob/ob mice (Figure 4(c)). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.