In early pregnancy, differences in adiponectin and leptin were significant between GDM women (n = 82) and controls (n = 134), whereby those with early GDM (<21st week, n = 49) showed more distinguishing levels (adiponectin: 8.5 ± 3.8 versus 10.4 ± 4.4 μg/ml, p = 0.004; leptin 93.4 ± 38.5 versus 78.0 ± 39.2 μg/ml, p = 0.005). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is gestational diabetes.