They found that the mean kisspeptin concentration in the patients with stage I was significantly higher, compared with the patients with ovarian carcinoma of stages 2 to 4 vs. controls: 25.1 ±15.2) pmol/L (stage 1), 11.8 ±10.3 pmol/L (stages 2 to 4), and 13.1 ±6.92 pmol/L (controls). The gene discussed is KISS1; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.