FGF23 and congestive heart failure: If so, FGF-23 may participate in previously unrecognized systemic and local regulatory networks whereby the sympathetic nervous system and renin angiotensin system control hemodynamics44 and FGF-23 may link SNS and RAAS to inflammation and oxidative stress67,86, thus contributing to adverse effects in CKD and other conditions, such as congestive heart failure.