In our studies of the dormancy phenotype, we demonstrated that in fact, cells induced into a dormant state by FGF-2 already underwent many of these mesenchymal events, including re-expression of integrins lost with de-differentiation [34] and activation of MAPK [36], p38 [36] and PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt)/Glycogen synthase kinase-3b (GSK3b) [34, 36], Our studies also demonstrated that exogenous FGF-2 induces matrix metalloproteases in breast cancer cells [56]. This evidence concerns the gene FGF2 and breast carcinoma.