In addition, NBP could protect against ischemia-induced brain damage by inhibiting the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway (Wen et al. 2016), and coincidently, JNK phosphorylation may participate in the modulation of M1-to-M2 polarization (Xiang et al. 2018). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and ischemia.