A GWAS conducted in Thai and Japanese populations did not identify any significant genetic risk factors for TB; however, when TB cases were stratified by age-of-onset, an association was found between variants of the HSPEP1 and MAFB genes and TB cases with age-of-onset less than 45 years (Mahasirimongkol et al. 2012). This evidence concerns the gene HSPE1P1 and tuberculosis.