A comparative analysis of human neuroblastoma cells and the neuroblastoma obtained from primary cultures of mouse neural crest cells demonstrated that, in addition to the upregulation of genes associated with the passage through the cell cycle, both neuroblastomas upregulate the transcription factors characteristic of embryonic development of the nervous system, including those important for neural crest development, that is, Sox11, Nhlh2, Twist1, Ascl1, Insm2, and Tcf3 [53]. The gene discussed is SOX11; the disease is neuroblastoma.