Mean serum concentrations of DKK-1 in patients with BPH, PC cM0, and PC cM1 were 2809.4 pg/ml (SEM 249.4), 1551.8 pg/ml (SEM 51.9), and 2575.5 pg/ml (SEM 341.7). This evidence concerns the gene DKK1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.