P17 treatment significantly upregulated levels of the infection-associated inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and immune cytokines (IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17A) and downregulated concentrations of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 and inflammatory mediator IL-6 (23) secreted by splenocytes of SPY1-immunized mice. Here, IL4 is linked to infection.