Another important inflammatory mediator involved in obesity is IL-1β, a cytokine whose secretion requires its processing by caspase-1 as the result of the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multimeric cytosolic protein complex activated by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules [38]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.