INS and metabolic syndrome: We found increases (mean difference ± standard error) in insulin (73 ± 18.8 pg/ml), chemerin (30.8 ± 54.2 ng/ml), IL-8 (91.3 ± 28.3 pg/ml) and visfatin (677.7 ± 245.6 pg/ml) levels in subjects with the clustering of all 4 MetS cardiometabolic risk factors compared to subjects without the clustering of 4 MetS cardiometabolic risk factors (Fig 4A, 4B, 4C & 4D).