Regarding TGF-β1 signaling, previous studies in the field of cancer research have demonstrated that several DUBs enhance TGF-β1-Smad signaling by maintaining the expression of TGF-β1 signaling-related molecules such as TGF-βRI, Smad2/3, and Smad4 [18–21]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.