VEGFA and Alzheimer disease: The APPsw-expressing (NSE/APPsw) transgenic AD mice transplanted with human NSCs exhibited improved spatial memory and increased neurotrophins (BDNF, NTF3, NTF4, NGF, VEGF, FGF2, and GDNF) levels, which resulted in decreased tau phosphorylation and Aβ production via Akt/GSK3β signaling [23].