To further demonstrate that the iron-mediated chemokines up-regulation was due to the NGAL-dependent intracellular iron delivery, a mutant form of NGAL carrying two aminoacid substitutions (K125A and K134A) unable to bind siderophores and therefore iron [23], was ectopically expressed in the NGAL-deficient anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line CAL62 (Figure 4A). Here, LCN2 is linked to thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma.