Twelve urinary proteins-ANXA3 (annexin a3), CA2 (carbonic anhydrase 2), CLTA (clathrin light chain A), GLO1 (glyoxalase I), HSPE1, SERPINB5 (serpin family B member 5), SFN (stratifin), SLC3A2 (solute carrier family 3 member 2), TAGLN2 (transgelin 2), TIMM13 (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13), VPS29 (Isoform 1 of Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29) and YWHAQ (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta)-were only detected in BC urine specimens, and not in samples from hernia patients (Table 2). Here, YWHAQ is linked to breast cancer.