Using lymphocyte-deficient mice, our result showing that Flt3 ligand fails to protect SCID mice deficient in both B and T cells from EV-A71 infection is different from that found in the study of Vollstedt et al., in which Flt3 ligand effectively prevents the lethality of RAG-deleted mice lacking mature B and T cells after HSV-1 infection7. The gene discussed is FLT3; the disease is infection.