Also present in the ECM module, and showing high levels of module membership (a concept closely related to connectivity) was LPAR1 a gene previously connected with pulmonary features of COPD via GWA and the target of an antagonist (BMS-986020, formerly BMS-986202, AM152) currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of IPF (NCT01766817). This evidence concerns the gene LPAR1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.