Accordingly, Brown, et al. confirmed the activation of mTOR, on AML cell lines and primary cells, caused by stromal co-culture, which gives rise to an upregulation of glycolysis; the authors identified the triggering signal in the chemokine CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine 12), through a CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 )/mTOR axis [33]. The gene discussed is CXCR4; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.