In a multivariate analysis, Ptch1 and Gli1 expression status were both evaluated as independent prognostic factors for locoregional progression-free survival, distant progression-free survival, and overall survival; the authors observed that Ptch1 and Gli1 expression may be significantly associated with resistance to chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cells carcinoma. Here, GLI1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.