Other significant genes, excluding the genes that were reported to be associated with hyperglycemia, obesity and dyslipidemia in other types of previous studies, might be novel pleiotropic candidate genes (such as LIPC-AS1, IFT172, KRTCAP3, CSGALNACT1, EIF2B4, GTF3C2, ZNF513, NRBP1, FNDC4, TMEM258, and CLPTM1) for the three disorders. This evidence concerns the gene FNDC4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.