Some of the 25 pleiotropic genes (LIPC-AS1, IFT172, KRTCAP3, CSGALNACT1, EIF2B4, GTF3C2, ZNF513, NRBP1, FNDC4, TMEM258, and CLPTM1) were first reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. This evidence concerns the gene FNDC4 and metabolic syndrome.