To explore in vivo whether Nrf2 induction protects against development of diabetes-driven atherosclerosis, we set up an experimental model of accelerated vascular injury alike to human atherosclerotic lesions, resulting from the combination of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (Hsueh et al., 2007; Chew et al., 2010; Recio et al., 2014; Lazaro et al., 2015). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.