As astrocyte- and microglial cell-associated chronic inflammation plays a detrimental role in AD progression (Ransohoff and Brown, 2012; Heneka et al., 2015; Ransohoff, 2016), we further investigated the changes of cerebral astrocytes and microglial cells using GFAP and Iba1 as markers respectively. The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.