Our analysis also predicted the activation of signaling pathways that have not been tied to mucormycosis but have been associated with the host response to fungal infection, including colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), and JNK (Jun N-terminal kinase) (18, –, 24) (Fig. 1A). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and fungal infectious disease.