Only one14 clinical trial was included in thesystematic review, in which subjects with T1DM and DKD given C-peptide had loweralbuminuria levels after three months of treatment in comparison with controls.However, no significant differences were seen between groups in regards to the GFR.Therefore, one might conclude that the administration of C-peptide to subjects withT1DM and DKD may help decrease urine albumin levels and, therefore, improve DKD. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and diabetic kidney disease.