GFR and urine albumin are the main parameters used in the assessment of DKD inhumans.23 Six of the preclinical trialsincluded in this review analyzed the GFR and five looked at urine albumin; threefound less hyperfiltration and three reported lower urine albumin levels in thegroups given C-peptide (although not in the group given modified C-peptide).However, no significant differences were found between the animals given C-peptideand the ones not given C-peptide in regards to GFR and urine albumin in themeta-analysis. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.