Those RPs which mediate activation of the p53 pathways show negative deregulation in cancers and seem to be tumor suppressors, e.g., RPL5, RPL11, or RPL26, whilst other RPs, e.g., RPL36A or RPS2, are overexpressed in various cancers and are related to the increased cell proliferation; however, paralogs of these RPs can exert antagonistic effects as in the case of RPL26L1 (Guimaraes and Zavolan 2016). The gene discussed is RPL36A; the disease is cancer.