In summary, the Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction modulated intestinal microbe dysbiosis, reduced body fat and intrahepatic fat accumulation and alleviated LPS-induced endotoxemia and inflammatory factor expression, which are all processes related to the NLRP3 inflammasome in NAFLD rats. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.