In summary, the Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction modulated intestinal microbe dysbiosis, reduced body fat and intrahepatic fat accumulation and alleviated LPS-induced endotoxemia and inflammatory factor expression, which are all processes related to the NLRP3 inflammasome in NAFLD rats. Here, NLRP3 is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.