ESR1 and breast carcinoma: Patients with TNBC do not benefit from hormone receptor-targeted therapies such as tamoxifen and trastuzumab, which are used for ER(+) and HER2(+) breast cancer; therefore, inhibitors of common apoptotic pathways, e.g., poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and inhibitors of cancer cell metabolism, e.g., antiangiogenesis agents, have been used for the treatment of TNBC [5].