Among the genes affected, four (C1QTNF4, EGFL7, MAP3K15, PTK7) may affect cell proliferation signaling pathway42–45; four (KRT18, PVRL2, PXDN, TGFBI) can alter cell adhesion leading to inhibition of apoptosis and increasing tumor invasiveness46–49; two genes (ARHGEF17, GNAI1) are supposed to regulate apoptotic pathway50,51; HOXA9 is a transcription factor and MEG3 is a tumor suppressor gene52,53. Here, PTK7 is linked to neoplasm.