CSF1 and Infertility: Another study by the same authors aimed to identify endometriosis patients among women assessed for infertility, and concluded that a panel of 11 cytokines (IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IFN-α2, cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine (CTACK), HGF, MCP-1, MCP-3, M-CSF, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and SCGF-β) was distinguishable in infertile patients with endometriosis; this profile suggested that dysregulated Th1/Th2 activity could underlie endometriosis-associated infertility [49].