NFKB1 and neoplasm: Figure 4D also shows that berberine inhibited the uPA and NF-κB protein expressions in A375.S2 cells. It was reported that the down-regulation of uPA by berberine decreased the HCC cell invasion and migration [39]. MMPs were up-regulation by uPA and tPA and down-regulated by TIMPs and PAI-1 [39,58]. NF-κB was linked with tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis [59].