DFT2 may also be manipulating its microenvironment by release of immune suppressive cytokines, such as Transforming Growth Factorβ, which can drive metastasis (Tauriello et al., 2018) and in conjunction with PD1/PD-L1 interactions can inhibit and exclude T cells from a tumour (Mariathasan et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.