In addition, TLR ligands including peptidoglycan (TLR2), polyinosinic:cytidylic acid (polyI:C) (TLR3), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4) induced various levels of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, CD40, B7-2, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I in SGECs from SS patients, suggesting that epithelial cells of SS have a functional action in response to innate immunity. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and synovial sarcoma.