In the neuroscience field, one study pointing in this direction came from Wilczak et al. (2003), whose findings showed that the levels of free IGF-1 in the ventral horn of the spinal cord was lower in ALS patients than in healthy controls, and that this reduction of free IGF-1 coincided with corresponding high levels of IGFBPs in ALS patients compared to a control (64% higher levels of IGFBP-2 in ALS compared with controls), which the authors linked to higher motor neuron death in ALS [17]. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.