We next examined the gene expression level of EFEMP1 in snap-frozen liver samples collected at the time of liver transplant or surgery from patients with BA (n = 5), other cholestatic diseases (n = 7), and non-cholestatic controls (n = 5) using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) (S5 Table). Here, EFEMP1 is linked to breast angiosarcoma.