CCL2 and cancer: TNFSF15 expression has been reported to be markedly downregulated in inflammatory tissues such as cancer lesions89 and wounds.96 Downregulation of TNFSF15 gene expression in cancer tissues in clinical settings was found to be driven by VEGF and MCP-1,89,90 suggesting that the downmodulation of TNFSF15 activity is a prerequisite of tumor neovascularization.