DEFB1 and cholestasis: Furthermore, we observed that in liver specimen from subjects with “mild cholestasis” defined as elevated serum cholestasis markers alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) [AP >147 units/l (female), >176 units/l (male); GGT >40 units/l (female), >60 units/l (male)] without elevation of serum bilirubin, hBD-1 (and GRX) expression was not induced, in contrast to significant induction of TXN (p < 0.01) (Figures S3A–C in Supplementary Material).