Most interestingly, in the presence of cholestasis (in 17 of the 144 patient cohort, defined as serum bilirubin levels >1.2 mg/dl; mean 4.5 mg/dl) we found a significant induction of hBD-1 (about 2.5-fold) and TXN but not GRX (Figures 3A–C). The gene discussed is DEFB1; the disease is cholestasis.