As expected, our observations indicated that increased HIF-1α contributes to GYS1 expression and intracellular glycogen synthesis in TNF-α or hypoxia-induced RA FLSs, suggesting that synovial GYS1-mediated glycogen accumulation might depend on the HIF-1α pathway in RA, at least in part. This evidence concerns the gene GYS1 and rheumatoid arthritis.