In this regard, it is conceivable that drugs aiming at reducing OTX2 expression could be useful for long-term treatment of Shh-dependent type 2 medulloblatomas, since, as we show here, OTX2 acts in parallel of the SHH pathway and becomes mandatory for long-term maintenance of SmoM2-induced tumours in mice. This evidence concerns the gene OTX2 and neoplasm.