NLRC4 and escherichia coli infection: 50 These findings have also been confirmed in human cells after E. coli infection of the epithelial cell line Caco‐2 induced increased levels of IL‐18 release.52 Apart from this role in infection, caspase‐1 and NLRC4 have also been reported as essential in preventing colonic inflammation‐induced tumorigenesis by regulating the response of epithelial cells to injury, highlighting the role of NLRC4 in epithelial cells.53, 54