Based on the lessons learned from the DREAM Challenges and other related benchmarking studies, the NGS-based “big data” is not yet among the most predictive genomic or molecular features for drug response prediction globally, except for the few known examples of cancer types that are driven by single somatic aberrations, such as BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer or BRAF in melanoma, with clinically actionable small-molecule inhibitors available (Flaherty et al. 2012; Pemovska et al. 2015). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.