At 4 h post-UV irradiation, a significant number of the DE transcripts was reclassified into ten functional categories, namely BER, NER, MMR, HR, DNA replication, cell cycle regulation, p53 signaling pathway, various cancer-related pathways, circadian rhythms, and the TNF signaling pathway (Table 4 and Fig. 5a), in which most of them were down-regulated (Fig. 5b). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.