CSF2 and neoplasm: They secrete a variety of chemokines and inflammatory mediators like chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin (IL) 6 and 10, transforming growth factor (TGF) ß, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that lead to recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) [7].