RBP4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In conclusion, our results clearly demonstrated that eight weeks of HFD diet feeding in SD rats induced a significant dysfunction in adipose tissues among NAFLD rats, shown by the major reduction in adiponectin, and the considerable increase in vaspin, progranulin, RBP4, IL-6, and TNFα, leading to upregulation of PPARγ, SLC10A2, and Coll α1 genes, which are all involved in insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis.